Vilkaisin nopeasti joitain tutkimuksia, joissa tuota chloroquinen tehoa COVID-19 potilaille sivutaan. Mielestäni Faucin näkemys on niiden kanssa ihan linjassa. Lääke on osoittautunut potentiaalisesti ihan lupaavaksi, mutta sellainen tehon osoitus, joka lääkevalmisteilta tyypillisesti uusille indikaatioille vaaditaan, on vielä tieteellisesti osoittamatta.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-0282-0.pdf
Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro
Our findings reveal that remdesivir and chloroquine are highly effective in the control of 2019-nCoV infection in vitro. Since these compounds have been used in human patients with a safety track record and shown to be effective against various ailments, we suggest that they should be assessed in human patients suffering from the novel coronavirus disease.
https://ncovdata.info/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2020.03.04-ScienceDirect-Chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-as-available-weapons-to-fight-COVID-19.pdf
The subsequent in vivo data were communicated following the first results of clinical trials by Chinese teams [4] and also aroused great enthusiasm among us. They showed that chloroquine could reduce the length of hospital stay and improve the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia [4,6], leading to recommend the administration of 500 mg of chloroquine twice a day in patients with mild, moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 pneumonia.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bst/14/1/14_2020.01047/_pdf/-char/en
Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies
Chloroquine is used to prevent and treat malaria and is efficacious as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Studies revealed that it also has potential broad-spectrum antiviral activities by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV (6,7). The anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities of chloroquine may account for its potent efficacy in treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Chloroquine is a cheap and safe drug that has been used for more than 70 years. In light of the urgent clinical demand, chloroquine phosphate is recommended to treat COVID-19 associated pneumonia in larger populations in the future.
Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
In the current episode of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergence [2], we find a spectacular ex- ample of possible repositioning of drugs, particularly chloroquine. We had 20 years ago proposed to systematically test chloroquine in viral infections because it had been shown to be effective in vitro against a broad range of viruses [3, 4].
At the time of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)- associated coronavirus epidemic [6] in 2003, several molecules were tested to assess their effectiveness against this virus. Among these, teicoplanin [7], an antistaphylococcal agent, had proven efficacy in vitro, and this was also the case for chloroquine, at a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of approximatively 8 μM, and when added to the cell culture either before of after exposure to the virus [5, 8–10].
Thus, the new antiviral drug remdesivir [13] as well as chloroquine, at an EC 50 of 1.1 μM, were found to be effective in preventing replication of this virus [12].
Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies
Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China.
In a recent publication (Gao et al., 2020), Gao and colleagues indicate that, “according to the news briefing”, “results from more than 100 patients have demonstrated that chloroquine phosphate is superior to the control treatment in inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promoting a virus negative conversion, and shortening the disease course”.
